Regular hot tub use could boost memory, reasoning, and cognitive performance in healthy older adults, according to new research.
The pilot study, conducted by the University of South Wales (USW) alongside the British and Irish Spa and Hot Tub Association (BISHTA), evaluated the cognitive impact of passive thermal therapy on adults aged 50 to 80.
Over six weeks, participants completed 30-minute hot tub sessions at 39°C twice weekly.
Researchers measured executive function, memory recall, and reaction times before and after the trial.
The results showed a 13.9% improvement in spatial working memory, which governs the processing of complex information, and a 10% increase in spatial executive function, which supports spatial reasoning and planning.
Led by PhD researcher Kelsie Welsby and supervised by Dr Gareth Dunseath, senior lecturer in clinical physiology at USW, the research suggests that passive heating produces cardiovascular responses similar to light-to-moderate aerobic exercise, including elevated heart rate and blood flow.
Dr Dunseath said, "The preliminary results are encouraging and suggest that regular hot tub immersion may offer cognitive benefits for healthy older adults.
"These findings highlight the potential for thermal therapy as a complementary lifestyle intervention to support brain health as people age."
While further research with larger sample sizes is required to determine long-term mechanisms, the study highlights opportunities for commercial spas, health clubs, and wellness facilities to position hydrotherapy and thermal circuits around healthy ageing and cognitive health.
What does the research on hot tubs and brain health show?
Spatial Working Memory: Improved by 13.9% following six weeks of regular hot tub use.
Spatial Executive Function: Increased by 10%, supporting better reasoning and planning skills.
Physiological Impact: Passive heating raises heart rate and blood flow similarly to light-to-moderate exercise.
Treatment Protocol: Participants completed 30-minute sessions at 39°C twice a week.
